https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/home daily 1.0 2026-02-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/3415c500-1d4d-4a5c-81a6-21bc06967b50/IMG_3726.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/2c4767fb-ee4d-44c6-808e-85a73645629b/IMG_0934.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/efab7497-aba9-4fdf-9216-74dd1c66bdf4/IMG_0949.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1ef1c01c-49e2-48a0-b29c-e21b8b4e3993/IMG_0945.jpg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/a5da9956-72c6-4d24-a3cc-291edca8ecd9/Lab+Bitmoji+3D.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1603297025509-O348KE2E4UYC7TAOXW3N/051813+job+talkFORSITE.jpg Home - “We are using the fly eye as a paradigm to elucidate the mechanisms controlling stochastic gene expression during development. Similar to the human color vision system, the photoreceptors of the fly eye randomly express several light-detecting Rhodopsin proteins (Rhodopsin3 =blue; Rhodopsin4 = red).” — Robert J. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1bdff2d1-66da-4c1c-b79e-bcf8a2684a59/IMG_2800.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/f46507dd-fc1d-4717-b0a9-d143ea0f4621/IMG_2805.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/da74eda6-0e0a-4654-b2e6-c4996738bcde/IMG_2813.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/31186a40-c400-48df-b01f-f68318f8b5b2/IMG_2604.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/d25bf64d-acce-4c31-9677-9d327d642200/IMG_4667.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/31899697-9fd4-43d6-80ea-6763fc979744/seal1_10.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/78fe84e7-21ec-4768-b239-2a23aca249ba/Arvo.jpg https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1609381001914-BNHM3SCHBX3TX9J5YJOO/Screen+Shot+2020-12-30+at+9.17.42+PM.png Home https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/home-1 daily 0.75 2020-08-19 https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/new-page daily 0.75 2026-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/77b32d8e-0ee6-4bba-9e7c-e48d077c8d29/Atlantic.jpg In the news - Atlantic writer visited the Johnston lab Atlantic writer Alexandra Petri visited the Johnston lab as she wrote about experiencing things that were affected by government and funding cuts. She also got hands-on experience on fruit flies and human organoids with Allie, a grad student in the lab. (Photo by Jason Andrew for The Atlantic) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/e344b517-d821-4c9f-bde9-2e6279edaba5/Screenshot+2024-03-04+at+2.17.31%E2%80%AFPM.png In the news https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1599765570066-QP0Q958ZAS57EM0UWEX9/double_helix101019.jpg In the news - Buttons and flies help biologists solve DNA mystery "Across species, chromosomes are organized in the nucleus," said senior author Bob Johnston, a developmental biologist in the Department of Biology at Johns Hopkins. "Our work adds one piece to the puzzle of understanding how DNA is folded together to make sure that genes work properly." https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1599765878525-1VSLN3HGAWB8K145YWGK/Pink+and+Blue+Galaxy+Gaming+Youtube+Channel+Art+%283%29.png In the news - Human retinas grown in a dish reveal origin of color vision Johnston's lab had been studying vision in flies. But Robert Johnston and Kiara Eldred saw a chance to try something much more ambitious. "We discussed this crazy idea of: Could we use these human retinal organoids to study how we get the different color-sensing cells in our eyes?" Johnston says. Using human cells was key because you can't study how humans see color in a fly, or even a mouse. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1599766495034-V3996T1C97I3FYZSX24L/5002666-6270617-image-a-34_1539368450411.jpg In the news - 'Eye-ball in a test-tube' could reveal the secret of how we see in color and cure some forms of blindness Biologists at Johns Hopkins University grew the human retinas from scratch to determine how cells that allow people to see in color are made. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1603298493266-LJ8MV64LZH70VQF70DOT/RobertJohnston_JHU7175_R_smileBOB2by3.jpg In the news - Bob Johnston is named Pew Scholar for health sciences work Robert J. Johnston, an assistant professor in the university's Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, was selected to the 2014 Pew Scholars Program in the Biomedical Sciences. He is one of 22 biomedical scientists to receive this year's award. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1609426755063-BV4MSWMIQIT33NG07OVN/Screen+Shot+2020-12-31+at+9.59.11+AM.png In the news https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1609426985154-C5HIRJ8MI398HK556E7X/Screen+Shot+2020-12-31+at+10.03.14+AM.png In the news https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/publications daily 0.75 2026-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/9e50d597-117a-44b5-831e-50ddbac3a139/dev+1.gif Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/43583319-ca2c-4b82-969b-63e7355ecca6/Screen+Shot+2021-03-03+at+6.46.02+PM.png Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1603296531995-ZA2GERWK4Z8SZ1O64L0H/dev+2.gif Publications https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/f324c82f-790e-4bcc-81bd-c82194356dd7/trends.jpg 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/284a3f30-0bf9-4ac3-988a-3681dfb0ad89/tempImageDZuXow.png Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1626451173110-6A3PIKTAYAP17C0QLG0N/tempImagefPyLHU.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/f47a13f0-f7aa-419c-8c75-b5a013222f4e/IMG_1794.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1609365759819-E9P96QQV0ORTS4CKU8JH/IMG_1039.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/73c2f05c-06ce-412f-8d34-2e3f1dbc5fba/IMG_1678.jpg Gallery - The Johnston Lab Humans https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/research daily 0.75 2023-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/61c16446-0cb2-4b37-886b-aa13f547de1b/6048.jpg Research - Generating neuronal diversity in fly eyes and human retinal organoids A central challenge in developmental neurobiology is to understand how the incredible diversity of neuronal cell types is generated. Our lab studies this question in the visual systems of flies and humans. By studying highly divergent organisms, we aim to identify fundamental mechanisms that diversify neuronal function during development. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1598644792736-FDF3HK10TUTCBF380RK6/061714-website-fly-eye.jpg Research These famous words were spoken by Albert Einstein about the existence of an underlying reality and the predictability of the universe. A simple look at a pair of twins would back the notion that nature and biology can be amazingly reproducible. However, one would only have to look into the individual cells of these twins to see something remarkable: the different types of cells are sometimes randomly distributed and thus each twin is unique. Only recently have we begun to understand the mechanisms controlling such stochastic developmental events. It appears that noise in molecular processes creates variation, and this variation can be exploited to diversify the functions of cells. Stochastic specification is critical for generating a wide range of cell types, from olfactory neurons that sense odors to B cells required for immune responses. Beyond its role in normal development, stochastic gene regulation can determine whether a person with a mutated gene will suffer from disease. Despite its importance, very little is understood about how this fundamentally different strategy operates. We are using the fly eye as a paradigm to elucidate the mechanisms controlling stochastic gene expression during development. The photoreceptors of the fly eye randomly express light-detecting Rhodopsin proteins. The fly eye is an ideal system to study this phenomenon because it provides a simple binary output for stochastic gene expression, the general mechanisms of cell-fate specification are well-understood, and a vast array of genetic and transgenic tools are available to manipulate cis-regulatory inputs and upstream trans-acting factors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1609378594795-P04275HHWCUTUCPVESEP/S_LM_RHODREMOVEREDBrightCROP.jpg Research https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1599760332189-8SQWMNXIYDAFG7Q6SQEK/axon.png Research - Project: RGC subtype choice (Brian Guy and Simon Zhang) We have learned a great deal about the generation of RGCs through the study of model organisms. Human retinal organoids enable, for the first time, the study of RGC specification in developing human tissue. Retinal organoids generate RGCs, yet they are poorly characterized. Our preliminary data suggest that RGCs are the first neurons specified in organoids, consistent with observations in human retinas. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that there are 20 subtypes of RGCs in humans. Do retinal organoids generate all 20 subtypes? How? If not, why? We are using fluorescence-based cell sorting combined with single cell RNA sequencing to address these questions. https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/404-error daily 0.75 2020-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5f3d8a8abed5382e2520b77d/1600798203893-NYRPSIJ8NYU211KYH28Z/Blue+White+Grey+Nerdy+Birthday+Card-2.png 404 Error https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/rbcv daily 0.75 2022-07-05 https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/announcements daily 0.75 2021-07-19 https://www.johnstonlabjhu.com/videos daily 0.75 2026-01-09